Many medications come with side effects. But some bring on more serious side effects than others – and tardive dyskinesia is one of the most surprising. Tardive dyskinesia (TD) can appear as a side effect of antipsychotic medications, and its symptoms can be confusing, frustrating, and overwhelming.
If you’re on antipsychotic medication, you could be at risk of developing tardive dyskinesia. And the only way to treat and manage this condition is by recognizing its symptoms, getting a diagnosis, and working with your doctor. That’s why it’s important to understand what the signs of tardive dyskinesia look like.
Common Causes or Triggers
The number one cause of tardive dyskinesia is taking antipsychotic medications. But the specific medication you take plays an important role in the risks of developing this condition. And other risk factors can also potentially lead to tardive dyskinesia.
Most commonly, long-term use of antipsychotic medications causes TD. Anyone of any age who’s on antipsychotic medication is at risk for developing tardive dyskinesia. These medications block dopamine receptors in the brain, and as a result they can interfere with motor functions or muscle movement. Some people will develop the condition after being on these medications for about three months, but others may be fine for years before experiencing any symptoms.
However, antipsychotic medications aren’t the only medications that can lead to TD. Some medications that are used to relieve nausea can also cause tardive dyskinesia.
If you’re worried about medications potentially causing TD for you, it’s important to talk with your doctor. You can discuss your risks, the medications you’re taking, and if the condition might be triggered by anything in your medical history.
Symptoms of Tardive Dyskinesia
The symptoms of tardive dyskinesia can be very concerning when they first begin – or they might be smaller, more subtle, and less worrisome. It simply depends on how your symptoms appear, and how much they affect your daily life.
TD brings on stiff, jerky movements that can’t be controlled. These can appear in different areas of the body, like the face or the limbs. Commonly, those with TD experience movements like:
- Sticking your tongue out.
- Fast eye-blinking.
- Chewing.
- Smacking or puckering lips.
- Puffing cheeks.
- Frowning.
- Grunting.
- Finger wiggling.
- Foot tapping.
- Arm flapping.
- Thrusting your pelvis.
- Swaying side to side.
It can take time for TD symptoms to appear. And when symptoms do start, they can be small or significant, fast or slow in speed. Talk with your doctor if you’re noticing any changes to your motor function or any movements that you can’t control.
Treating Tardive Dyskinesia
The number one way doctors try to treat tardive dyskinesia is by preventing it. When you begin taking antipsychotic medication, your doctor will likely require regular evaluations to determine if you’re experiencing any of the signs or symptoms of TD. If your doctor thinks you’re at risk for developing TD, they may be able to take action to prevent it from happening.
However, if you do develop tardive dyskinesia, your doctor’s next step may be to adjust the dosage of the medications you’re taking. They may lower your dosage to see if symptoms disappear, or they may switch you to a different medication altogether.
If this doesn’t have a positive impact on your TD symptoms, there are two medications that have been approved to treat the condition. Recently, the FDA approved valbenazine and deutetrabenazine to help with TD. These medications can help regulate dopamine in your brain, and they can help the parts of the brain in control of muscle movement get the right amount. It may be a treatment that helps reduce TD symptoms.
Natural remedies, or alternative treatments, may also be an option. For example, one research study found that gingko biloba extract may help TD symptoms in those with schizophrenia. Supplemental nutrients or certain natural herbs or extracts may be beneficial, but make sure to do your research and speak with your doctor before you try anything yourself.
You may need to try a few different treatment options to find relief from TD and its symptoms. The success of a particular treatment will depend on your specific symptoms, the medication that caused these symptoms, your age, and any other health issues or conditions you have. Make sure to talk with your doctor before starting or seeking out any new treatments or natural remedies.
While tardive dyskinesia can be a worrisome condition, there are ways its symptoms can be treated. And if you’re concerned about the risk of developing TD, you can take action now. If you’re on antipsychotic medication, you can discuss your risks with your doctor. You can search online, learn about symptoms and warning signs, and be vigilant with your health to ensure you catch any changes early.